A Local Region Molecular Dynamics Simulation Method for Nanoscale Sliding Contacts

Computational efficiency and accuracy always conflict with each other in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. How to enhance the computational efficiency and keep accuracy at the same time is concerned by each corresponding researcher. However, most of the current studies focus on MD algorithms, and if the scale of MD model could be reduced, the algorithms would be more meaningful. A local region molecular dynamics (LRMD) simulation method which can meet these two factors concurrently in nanoscale sliding contacts is developed in this paper. Full MD simulation is used to simulate indentation process before sliding. A criterion called contribution of displacement is presented, which is used to determine the effective local region in the MD model after indentation. By using the local region, nanoscale sliding contact between a rigid cylindrical tip and an elastic substrate is investigated. Two two-dimensional MD models are presented, and the friction forces from LRMD simulations agree well with that from full MD simulations, which testifies the effectiveness of the LRMD simulation method for two-dimensional cases. A three-dimensional MD model for sliding contacts is developed then to show the validity of the LRMD simulation method further. Finally, a discussion is carried out by the principles of tribology. In the discussion, two two-dimensional full MD models are used to simulate the nanoscale sliding contact problems. The results indicate that original smaller model will induce higher equivalent scratching depth, and then results in higher friction forces, which will help to explain the mechanism how the LRMD simulation method works. This method can be used to reduce the scale of MD model in large scale simulations, and it will enhance the computational efficiency without losing accuracy during the simulation of nanoscale sliding contacts.     

考虑齿距累积误差的人字齿轮系统动态特性分析

基于Timoshenko梁理论和有限单元法,引入时变啮合刚度和综合啮合误差,建立了人字齿轮系统动力学模型,研究了齿距累积误差对人字齿轮系统动态特性的影响。研究表明:齿距累积误差使动态传递误差出现显著的轴频成分和调制边频带。当负载扭矩较小时,边频成分大于啮合频率及其倍频成分,随着负载扭矩的增加,啮合频率及其倍频成分逐渐增强。当齿距累积误差相位不同时,人字齿轮系统将出现明显的轴向窜动现象。同时,齿距累积误差相位差对系统振动影响显著,通过调整相位差可以显著降低系统振动。研究结果可为人字齿轮系统低噪声设计加工与装配提供理论依据。     

Effects of restitution coefficient and material characteristics on dynamic response of planar multi-body systems with revolute clearance joint

To study the effects of restitution coefficient and material parameters on the dynamic characteristics of planar multi-body systems with revolute clearance joints, a comprehensive methodology for clearance revolute joints in a planar multibody system is presented and analyzed. A new nonlinear contact force model, which accounts for the axial length of bearing and has a wide suitable range of impact situation, is presented to evaluate the contact force between journal and bearing. Furthermore, a modified Coulomb friction force model also presented to consider the effect of friction in clearance joint. Then, a typical journal-bearing model and a planar slider-crank mechanism has revolute clearance joint are used as examples. From the main numerical results under the different restitution coefficient and material parameters, it can be concluded that coefficient of restitution has significant effects on dynamic response of multi-body systems with revolute clearance joint. Additionally, materials of journal and bearing with smaller Young’s modulus will cause obvious delay on dynamic response of multi-body systems.     

Research on the dynamic characteristics of a turbine flow meter

In the hardware-in-loop simulation of aero-engine control system where the real fuel regulator is engaged, it's crucial to measure the real-time flow rate. In view of this, a flow meter with high precision and fast response is important. In this paper, modeling and experiments are conducted to verify the dynamic characteristics of a turbine flow meter (TFM). For the modeling part, driving torque and resistance torques are analyzed to derive the kinetic equation of TFM. Simulation with the kinetic equation shows good dynamic performance of TFM. In experiments, a workbench is designed to generate step-type flow and sine-type flow for identification in time domain and frequency domain. Results show that the settling time for TFM is no more than 100 ms and its band-with is over 4.61 Hz. Compared with the settling time of a main fuel valve and the band-width of a main fuel control loop, that is, 1.2 s and 2 Hz respectively, TFM is considered to be adaptive to measure the fuel of aero-engine.     

柱销式双螺母行星滚柱丝杠预紧机理研究

为了实现行星滚柱丝杠正反转双向精密驱动,迫切需要开展含预紧的行星滚柱丝杠传动研究。构建了一种柱销式双螺母行星滚柱丝杠无背隙传动构型。它利用双螺母的相对转角提供预紧力,并使用柱销固定该转角从而维持预紧力。建立了包含有双螺母、双滚柱以及丝杠螺纹双向受载状态的静力学模型。提出了仅受预紧力与考虑外载荷时,柱销式双螺母行星滚柱丝杠的受力和变形计算方法。通过与有限元模型载荷分布和预紧力计算结果的对比,验证了所建模型的正确性。分析了初始预紧力对螺母相对转角和柱销剪切力的影响,以及不同外载荷作用下,螺母预紧力、柱销剪切力和螺纹载荷分布的变化。结果表明,较小的螺母相对转角便会产生较大的初始预紧力,柱销剪切力远小于初始预紧力或外载荷。当外载荷增加时,螺母#1所受预紧力和柱销剪切力均会增加,螺母#2所受预紧力会减小。使得螺母#2预紧力消失时的外载荷远大于初始预紧力。     

摩擦对齿轮振动噪声影响的研究进展

围绕齿面摩擦引起的齿轮系统振动和噪声问题,从计入齿面摩擦的齿轮动力学模型、齿轮系统动态响应、齿轮摩擦噪声以及实验研究等方面,综述了近20年来齿轮振动噪声的研究现状和发展趋势。重点阐述了计入齿面摩擦的齿轮动力学研究的方式方法,总结了计入摩擦齿轮动力学的主要研究结论。最后就现有研究中存在的主要问题及研究方向提出了建议。     

不同安装方式下行星滚柱丝杠副载荷分布研究

综合考虑行星滚柱丝杠副轴段刚度、螺纹牙刚度和接触刚度及安装方式、受力状态等因素,建立了行星滚柱丝杠副螺纹牙载荷分布计算模型。在对计算模型验证的基础上,详细分析了安装方式、受力状态、结构参数和牙型参数等对螺纹牙载荷分布的影响规律。结果表明,决定螺纹牙载荷分布规律的主要因素是行星滚柱丝杠副的材料参数、结构参数与安装方式,其中丝杠与螺母的轴向累积弹性变形是引起行星滚柱丝杠副螺纹牙载荷分布不均的主要原因。螺纹牙刚度对载荷分布的影响较小,随着螺纹牙刚度的减小,载荷分布不均程度逐渐降低。此外,滚柱螺纹牙个数与螺距对载荷分布的影响很大,载荷分布不均程度随着螺纹牙个数的增大或螺距的增大而增大。     

Load-related dynamic behaviors of a helical gear pair with tooth flank errors

This study focused on the effects of tooth manufacturing errors (MEs) on the dynamic behaviors of a helical geared system. The composite mesh error is introduced and calculated, which is taken as error excitation in the dynamic model. A combined finite element method (FEM) and analytical contact model is used to investigate the interaction of mesh stiffness and MEs. The dynamic model is developed based on the finite element method and its effectiveness has been verified. By introducing stiffness excitation and error excitation, the effects of mesh stiffness and MEs can be easily distinguished in the total excitation. The influence degrees of these two factors are obtained at different torque levels by simulating the quasi-static and dynamic responses of the system. The results show that the composite mesh error will have great changes under light load conditions, and larger dynamic factors as well as decreased resonance speed will be brought. The excitation produced by manufacturing errors is dominate in the total vibration excitation in a light loading, while the excitation produced by mesh stiffness is becoming the dominating one in a heavy loading.     

基于行星滚柱丝杠副的机电作动器动态特性分析

以舵回路系统中机电作动器为研究对象,考虑机电作动器的安装和舵面负载连接,建立了基于行星滚柱丝杠副的机电作动器数学模型。采用AMESim进行仿真对比分析,探讨了机电作动器中结构刚度、摩擦和间隙等非线性因素对系统动态性能的影响。结果表明：相比传动刚度,结构刚度中固定刚度的提高对于系统动态响应的改善作用更明显;行星滚柱丝杠副间隙量越大,系统的阶跃响应波动幅值越明显;在给定舵控指令下,机电作动器的仿真位移输出响应误差最大为1.8mm,相对误差为1.2%,从而较好的反映了模型的有效性,为功率电传机电作动器的进一步结构优化和控制提供了理论依据。     

Two dimensional nanoscale reciprocating sliding contacts of textured surfaces

Detailed behaviors of nanoscale textured surfaces during the reciprocating sliding contacts are still unknown although they are widely used in mechanical components to improve tribological characteristics. The current research of sliding contacts of textured surfaces mainly focuses on the experimental studies, while the cost is too high. Molecular dynamics(MD) simulation is widely used in the studies of nanoscale single-pass sliding contacts, but the CPU cost of MD simulation is also too high to simulate the reciprocating sliding contacts. In this paper, employing multiscale method which couples molecular dynamics simulation and finite element method, two dimensional nanoscale reciprocating sliding contacts of textured surfaces are investigated. Four textured surfaces with different texture shapes are designed, and a rigid cylindrical tip is used to slide on these textured surfaces. For different textured surfaces, average potential energies and average friction forces of the corresponding sliding processes are analyzed. The analyzing results show that “running-in” stages are different for each texture, and steady friction processes are discovered for textured surfaces II, III and IV. Texture shape and sliding direction play important roles in reciprocating sliding contacts, which influence average friction forces greatly. This research can help to design textured surfaces to improve tribological behaviors in nanoscale reciprocating sliding contacts.